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<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

/**
 * This file is part of CodeIgniter 4 framework.
 *
 * (c) CodeIgniter Foundation <admin@codeigniter.com>
 *
 * For the full copyright and license information, please view
 * the LICENSE file that was distributed with this source code.
 */

namespace CodeIgniter\Typography;

use Config\DocTypes;

/**
 * Typography Class
 *
 * @see \CodeIgniter\Typography\TypographyTest
 */
class Typography
{
 /**
 * Block level elements that should not be wrapped inside tags
 *
 * @var string
 */
 public $blockElements = 'address|blockquote|div|dl|fieldset|form|h\d|hr|noscript|object|ol|p|pre|script|table|ul';

/**
 * Elements that should not have and tags within them.
 *
 * @var string
 */
 public $skipElements = 'p|pre|ol|ul|dl|object|table|h\d';

/**
     * Tags we want the parser to completely ignore when splitting the string.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    public $inlineElements = 'a|abbr|acronym|b|bdo|big|br|button|cite|code|del|dfn|em|i|img|ins|input|label|map|kbd|q|samp|select|small|span|strong|sub|sup|textarea|tt|var';

/**
     * array of block level elements that require inner content to be within another block level element
     *
     * @var array
     */
    public $innerBlockRequired = ['blockquote'];

/**
     * the last block element parsed
     *
     * @var string
     */
    public $lastBlockElement = '';

/**
     * whether or not to protect quotes within { curly braces }
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    public $protectBracedQuotes = false;

/**
 * Auto Typography
 *
 * This function converts text, making it typographically correct:
 * - Converts double spaces into paragraphs.
 * - Converts single line breaks into tags
 * - Converts single and double quotes into correctly facing curly quote entities.
 * - Converts three dots into ellipsis.
 * - Converts double dashes into em-dashes.
 * - Converts two spaces into entities
 *
 * @param bool $reduceLinebreaks whether to reduce more then two consecutive newlines to two
 */
 public function autoTypography(string $str, bool $reduceLinebreaks = false): string
 {
 if ($str === '') {
 return '';
 }

// Standardize Newlines to make matching easier
        if (str_contains($str, "\r")) {
            $str = str_replace(["\r\n", "\r"], "\n", $str);
        }

// Reduce line breaks.  If there are more than two consecutive linebreaks
        // we'll compress them down to a maximum of two since there's no benefit to more.
        if ($reduceLinebreaks === false) {
            $str = preg_replace("/\n\n+/", "\n\n", $str);
        }

// HTML comment tags don't conform to patterns of normal tags, so pull them out separately, only if needed
 $htmlComments = [];
 if (str_contains($str, '<!--') && preg_match_all('#(<!\-\-.*?\-\->)#s', $str, $matches) >= 1) {
 for ($i = 0, $total = count($matches[0]); $i < $total; $i++) {
 $htmlComments[] = $matches[0][$i];
 $str = str_replace($matches[0][$i], '{@HC' . $i . '}', $str);
 }
 }

// match and yank <pre> tags if they exist. It's cheaper to do this separately since most content will
 // not contain <pre> tags, and it keeps the PCRE patterns below simpler and faster
 if (str_contains($str, '<pre')) {
 $str = preg_replace_callback('#<pre.*?>.*?</pre>#si', $this->protectCharacters(...), $str);
 }

// Convert quotes within tags to temporary markers.
 $str = preg_replace_callback('#<.+?>#si', $this->protectCharacters(...), $str);

// Do the same with braces if necessary
        if ($this->protectBracedQuotes === false) {
            $str = preg_replace_callback('#\{.+?\}#si', $this->protectCharacters(...), $str);
        }

// Convert "ignore" tags to temporary marker. The parser splits out the string at every tag
 // it encounters. Certain inline tags, like image tags, links, span tags, etc. will be
 // adversely affected if they are split out so we'll convert the opening bracket < temporarily to: {@TAG}
 $str = preg_replace('#<(/*)(' . $this->inlineElements . ')([ >])#i', '{@TAG}\\1\\2\\3', $str);

/* Split the string at every tag. This expression creates an array with this prototype:
 *
 * 	[array]
 * 	{
 * 		[0] = <opening tag>
 * 		[1] = Content...
 * 		[2] = <closing tag>
 * 		Etc...
 * 	}
 */
 $chunks = preg_split('/(<(?:[^<>]+(?:"[^"]*"|\'[^\']*\')?)+>)/', $str, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE | PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);

// Build our finalized string.  We cycle through the array, skipping tags, and processing the contained text
        $str     = '';
        $process = true;

for ($i = 0, $c = count($chunks) - 1; $i <= $c; $i++) {
 // Are we dealing with a tag? If so, we'll skip the processing for this cycle.
 // Well also set the "process" flag which allows us to skip <pre> tags and a few other things.
 if (preg_match('#<(/*)(' . $this->blockElements . ').*?>#', $chunks[$i], $match)) {
 if (preg_match('#' . $this->skipElements . '#', $match[2])) {
 $process = ($match[1] === '/');
 }

if ($match[1] === '') {
                    $this->lastBlockElement = $match[2];
                }

$str .= $chunks[$i];

continue;
            }

if ($process === false) {
                $str .= $chunks[$i];

continue;
            }

// Force a newline to make sure end tags get processed by _format_newlines()
            if ($i === $c) {
                $chunks[$i] .= "\n";
            }

// Convert Newlines into and tags
 $str .= $this->formatNewLines($chunks[$i]);
 }

// No opening block level tag? Add it if needed.
 if (preg_match('/^\s*<(?:' . $this->blockElements . ')/i', $str) !== 1) {
 $str = preg_replace('/^(.*?)<(' . $this->blockElements . ')/i', '$1<$2', $str);
 }

// Convert quotes, elipsis, em-dashes, non-breaking spaces, and ampersands
        $str = $this->formatCharacters($str);

foreach ($htmlComments as $i => $htmlComment) {
 // remove surrounding paragraph tags, but only if there's an opening paragraph tag
 // otherwise HTML comments at the ends of paragraphs will have the closing tag removed
 // if '{@HC1}' then replace {@HC1} with the comment, else replace only {@HC1} with the comment
 $str = preg_replace('#(?(?=\{@HC' . $i . '\})\{@HC' . $i . '\}(\s*)|\{@HC' . $i . '\})#s', $htmlComment, $str);
 }

// Final clean up
 $table = [
 // If the user submitted their own paragraph tags within the text
 // we will retain them instead of using our tags.
 '/(<p[^>*?]>)/' => '$1', // <?php BBEdit syntax coloring bug fix
 // Reduce multiple instances of opening/closing paragraph tags to a single one
 '#()+#' => '',
 '/(\W*)+/' => '',
 // Clean up stray paragraph tags that appear before block level elements
 '#<(' . $this->blockElements . ')#' => '<$1',
 // Clean up stray non-breaking spaces preceeding block elements
 '#(&nbsp;\s*)+<(' . $this->blockElements . ')#' => ' <$2',
 // Replace the temporary markers we added earlier
 '/\{@TAG\}/' => '<',
 '/\{@DQ\}/' => '"',
 '/\{@SQ\}/' => "'",
 '/\{@DD\}/' => '--',
 '/\{@NBS\}/' => ' ',
 // An unintended consequence of the _format_newlines function is that
 // some of the newlines get truncated, resulting in tags
 // starting immediately after <block> tags on the same line.
 // This forces a newline after such occurrences, which looks much nicer.
 "/>\n/" => ">\n",
 // Similarly, there might be cases where a closing </block> will follow
 // a closing tag, so we'll correct it by adding a newline in between
 '#</#' => "\n</",
 ];

// Do we need to reduce empty lines?
 if ($reduceLinebreaks) {
 $table['#\n*#'] = '';
 } else {
 // If we have empty paragraph tags we add a non-breaking space
 // otherwise most browsers won't treat them as true paragraphs
 $table['##'] = '&nbsp;';
 }

return preg_replace(array_keys($table), $table, $str);
    }

/**
     * Format Characters
     *
     * This function mainly converts double and single quotes
     * to curly entities, but it also converts em-dashes,
     * double spaces, and ampersands
     */
    public function formatCharacters(string $str): string
    {
        static $table;

if (! isset($table)) {
 $table = [
 // nested smart quotes, opening and closing
 // note that rules for grammar (English) allow only for two levels deep
 // and that single quotes are _supposed_ to always be on the outside
 // but we'll accommodate both
 // Note that in all cases, whitespace is the primary determining factor
 // on which direction to curl, with non-word characters like punctuation
 // being a secondary factor only after whitespace is addressed.
 '/\'"(\s|$)/' => '&#8217;&#8221;$1',
 '/(^|\s|)\'"/' => '$1&#8216;&#8220;',
 '/\'"(\W)/' => '&#8217;&#8221;$1',
 '/(\W)\'"/' => '$1&#8216;&#8220;',
 '/"\'(\s|$)/' => '&#8221;&#8217;$1',
 '/(^|\s|)"\'/' => '$1&#8220;&#8216;',
 '/"\'(\W)/' => '&#8221;&#8217;$1',
 '/(\W)"\'/' => '$1&#8220;&#8216;',
 // single quote smart quotes
 '/\'(\s|$)/' => '&#8217;$1',
 '/(^|\s|)\'/' => '$1&#8216;',
 '/\'(\W)/' => '&#8217;$1',
 '/(\W)\'/' => '$1&#8216;',
 // double quote smart quotes
 '/"(\s|$)/' => '&#8221;$1',
 '/(^|\s|)"/' => '$1&#8220;',
 '/"(\W)/' => '&#8221;$1',
 '/(\W)"/' => '$1&#8220;',
 // apostrophes
 '/(\w)\'(\w)/' => '$1&#8217;$2',
 // Em dash and ellipses dots
 '/\s?\-\-\s?/' => '&#8212;',
 '/(\w)\.{3}/' => '$1&#8230;',
 // double space after sentences
 '/(\W) /' => '$1&nbsp; ',
 // ampersands, if not a character entity
 '/&(?!#?[a-zA-Z0-9]{2,};)/' => '&amp;',
 ];
 }

return preg_replace(array_keys($table), $table, $str);
    }

/**
 * Format Newlines
 *
 * Converts newline characters into either tags or 
 */
 protected function formatNewLines(string $str): string
 {
 if ($str === '' || (! str_contains($str, "\n") && ! in_array($this->lastBlockElement, $this->innerBlockRequired, true))) {
 return $str;
 }

// Convert two consecutive newlines to paragraphs
 $str = str_replace("\n\n", "\n\n", $str);

// Convert single spaces to tags
 $br = '<br' . _solidus() . '>';
 $str = preg_replace("/([^\n])(\n)([^\n])/", '\\1' . $br . '\\2\\3', $str);

// Wrap the whole enchilada in enclosing paragraphs
 if ($str !== "\n") {
 // We trim off the right-side new line so that the closing tag
 // will be positioned immediately following the string, matching
 // the behavior of the opening tag
 $str = '' . rtrim($str) . '';
 }

// Remove empty paragraphs if they are on the first line, as this
 // is a potential unintended consequence of the previous code
 return preg_replace('/<\/p>(.*)/', '\\1', $str, 1);
 }

/**
     * Protect Characters
     *
     * Protects special characters from being formatted later
     * We don't want quotes converted within tags so we'll temporarily convert them to {@DQ} and {@SQ}
     * and we don't want double dashes converted to emdash entities, so they are marked with {@DD}
     * likewise double spaces are converted to {@NBS} to prevent entity conversion
     */
    protected function protectCharacters(array $match): string
    {
        return str_replace(["'", '"', '--', '  '], ['{@SQ}', '{@DQ}', '{@DD}', '{@NBS}'], $match[0]);
    }

/**
     * Convert newlines to HTML line breaks except within PRE tags
     */
    public function nl2brExceptPre(string $str): string
    {
        $newstr   = '';
        $docTypes = new DocTypes();

for ($ex = explode('pre>', $str), $ct = count($ex), $i = 0; $i < $ct; $i++) {
 $xhtml = ! ($docTypes->html5 ?? false);
 $newstr .= (($i % 2) === 0) ? nl2br($ex[$i], $xhtml) : $ex[$i];

if ($ct - 1 !== $i) {
                $newstr .= 'pre>';
            }
        }

return $newstr;
    }
}

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🐘Typography.php	php	13.2 KB	2025-05-02 16:00	✏️ Edit 👁️ View